threat display - перевод на русский
![Frill-necked lizard]] faces predators, making itself look big with head frills, raising its body and waving its tail.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chlamydosaurus kingii.jpg?width=200 "Frill-necked lizard]] faces predators, making itself look big with head frills, raising its body and waving its tail.")
![Threat displays are not always deimatic bluff. Some stick insects spray the [[monoterpene]] chemical [[dolichodial]] when attacked, so their displays are honest [[aposematism]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dolichodial.svg?width=200 "Threat displays are not always deimatic bluff. Some stick insects spray the [[monoterpene]] chemical [[dolichodial]] when attacked, so their displays are honest [[aposematism]].")
![Deimatic display: ''[[Callistoctopus macropus]]'' generates a bright brownish red colour with white oval spots when disturbed.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Octopus macropus.jpg?width=200 "Deimatic display: ''[[Callistoctopus macropus]]'' generates a bright brownish red colour with white oval spots when disturbed.")
![Deimatic display of the phasmid ''[[Peruphasma schultei]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flügel Peruphasma schultei.jpg?width=200 "Deimatic display of the phasmid ''[[Peruphasma schultei]]''")
![phasmid]] ''[[Haaniella dehaanii]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Haaniella dehaanii-subadult threaten female.JPG?width=200 "phasmid]] ''[[Haaniella dehaanii]]''")
![An adult female Mediterranean [[mantis]], ''[[Iris oratoria]]'', in threat pose](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gottesanbeterin Abwehr.JPG?width=200 "An adult female Mediterranean [[mantis]], ''[[Iris oratoria]]'', in threat pose")
![Female eyed hawkmoth, ''[[Smerinthus ocellatus]]'', mounted to show the large eyespots](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Smerinthus ocellatus MHNT Female dos.jpg?width=200 "Female eyed hawkmoth, ''[[Smerinthus ocellatus]]'', mounted to show the large eyespots")
![Peacock butterfly, ''[[Aglais io]]'', is a cryptic leaf mimic when its wings are closed](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Inachis io bottom side.jpg?width=200 "Peacock butterfly, ''[[Aglais io]]'', is a cryptic leaf mimic when its wings are closed")
![''[[Speiredonia spectans]]'' resting mimicking a brooding head](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Speiredonia spectans.jpg?width=200 "''[[Speiredonia spectans]]'' resting mimicking a brooding head")
![''[[Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii]]'' flashing its wings in deimatic pose](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii defence.jpg?width=200 "''[[Pseudocreobotra wahlbergii]]'' flashing its wings in deimatic pose")
![A fine large "''Phasma''" illustrated by [[George Robert Gray]] in 1833, showing cryptic resting pose and dramatic wing flash](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gray_plate8.jpeg?width=200 "A fine large \"''Phasma''\" illustrated by [[George Robert Gray]] in 1833, showing cryptic resting pose and dramatic wing flash")
![Belly of the spider ''[[Poecilotheria regalis]]''. The bright yellow forelegs are used in deimatic displays.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Female Poecilotheria regalis, ventral shot.jpg?width=200 "Belly of the spider ''[[Poecilotheria regalis]]''. The bright yellow forelegs are used in deimatic displays.")
![[[Namaqua chameleon]] showing threat display with [[dewlap]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chamaeleo namaquensis (Namib-Naukluft, 2011).jpg?width=200 "[[Namaqua chameleon]] showing threat display with [[dewlap]]")
![Colombian four-eyed frog, ''[[Pleurodema brachyops]]''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pleurodema brachyops.jpg?width=200 "Colombian four-eyed frog, ''[[Pleurodema brachyops]]''.")
![Lowland streaked tenrec, ''[[Hemicentetes semispinosus]]'' erects spines on head and body when threatened.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lowland Streaked Tenrec, Mantadia, Madagascar.jpg?width=200 "Lowland streaked tenrec, ''[[Hemicentetes semispinosus]]'' erects spines on head and body when threatened.")
![Eurasian eagle owl, ''[[Bubo bubo]]'', erects the feathers on its neck to make itself appear larger](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1Puchacz obronna poza.jpg?width=200 "Eurasian eagle owl, ''[[Bubo bubo]]'', erects the feathers on its neck to make itself appear larger")
![Striped skunk, ''[[Mephitis mephitis]]'', displays prominent lighter markings against black, with raised bushy tail, honestly advertising its squirting scent glands.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Striped Skunk Big Bend NP.jpg?width=200 "Striped skunk, ''[[Mephitis mephitis]]'', displays prominent lighter markings against black, with raised bushy tail, honestly advertising its squirting scent glands.")
![A Sunbittern, ''[[Eurypyga helias]]'', opening its wings to display two large eye spots when threatened.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stavenn Eurypiga helias 00.jpg?width=200 "A Sunbittern, ''[[Eurypyga helias]]'', opening its wings to display two large eye spots when threatened.")
![On The Genesis of Species]]'', 1871. The rattle may both startle inexperienced predators and warn off experienced ones.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rattlesnake Mivart.png?width=200 "On The Genesis of Species]]'', 1871. The rattle may both startle inexperienced predators and warn off experienced ones.")
![Garden tiger moth, ''[[Arctia caja]]'', displays startling bright pattern of black spots on orange-red hindwings. The insect is bitter-tasting, so the pattern may be aposematic as well as deimatic.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arctia caja 2010.jpg?width=200 "Garden tiger moth, ''[[Arctia caja]]'', displays startling bright pattern of black spots on orange-red hindwings. The insect is bitter-tasting, so the pattern may be aposematic as well as deimatic.")
общая лексика
демонстрация угрозы
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общая лексика
демонстрационное поведение
общая лексика
социальная демонстрация
Википедия
Agonism is a broad term which encompasses many behaviours that result from, or are triggered by biological conflict between competing organisms. Approximately 23 shark species are capable of producing such displays when threatened by intraspecific or interspecific competitors, as an evolutionary strategy to avoid unnecessary combat. The behavioural, postural, social and kinetic elements which comprise this complex, ritualized display can be easily distinguished from normal, or non-display behaviour, considered typical of that species' life history. The display itself confers pertinent information to the foe regarding the displayer's physical fitness, body size, inborn biological weaponry, confidence and determination to fight. This behaviour is advantageous because it is much less biologically taxing for an individual to display its intention to fight than the injuries it would sustain during conflict, which is why agonistic displays have been reinforced through evolutionary time, as an adaptation to personal fitness. Agonistic displays are essential to the social dynamics of many biological taxa, extending far beyond sharks.
